LITERATURE REVIEW

 

INTRODUCTION

            On this chapter,  it will discuss about the literature review which is about the history of the previous project  and present work. The references of the explanation are done by referring to the books, internet, journals, articles pamphlet and other sources. While there are two main methods for hybrid energy (thermoelectric and photovoltaic,), the literature review is to discuss about this two types of sources.

 

HISTORY

 Previous Work

PV (Photovoltaic) refers to a SOLAR PANEL. A flat panel that you place in the Sunlight which makes electricity directly from Sunlight. Photo refers to light and Voltaic refers to voltage or electricity. These panels do not produce Heat this make electricity.

 

The photoelectric effect was first noted by a French physicist, Edmund Bequerel, in 1839, who found that certain materials would produce small amounts of electric current when exposed to light. In 1905, Albert Einstein described the nature of light and the photoelectric effect on which photovoltaic technology is based, for which he later won a Nobel prize in physics. The first photovoltaic module was built by Bell Laboratories in 1954. It was billed as a solar battery and was mostly just a curiosity as it was too expensive to gain widespread use. In the 1960s, the space industry began to make the first serious use of the technology to provide power aboard spacecraft. Through the space programs, the technology advanced, its reliability was established, and the cost began to decline. During the energy crisis in the 1970s, photovoltaic technology gained recognition as a source of power for non-space applications.[2]

One common style of solar cell is build using a fused silicon wafer stack. This arrangement is called a P-N Junction sandwich. The bottom plate of the stack is a conductive plate. The next layers in order are the p-type crystal material layer, the n-type material layer, a conductive screen contact area, and a protective covering that allows the light through.[3] This p-n junction is the foundation of the semiconductor process and will be described in more detail in the general semiconductor section later in the book.